Background & Objectives: People with physical disabilities are part of the active resources in our society and can prove their competencies in the country's service in various fields. According to the principle of equal opportunity and impartiality, everyone has the right to influence society based on his or her potential and abilities. Sport is one of the activities that can introduce the disabled to society and express their current and future needs and situation. Through sports, People with disabilities can interact with other People with disabilities and have a more significant and prominent presence in society. People with disabilities are often sedentary, so they are more likely to lose the function of a healthy part of their limbs due to inactive limbs,that limb may also be damaged. Therefore, space and facilities should be provided for disabled People to efficiently do their favorite sport. Given that a relatively small number of People with disabilities regularly participate in sports, the reasons for this inequality are a range of individual, social, and environmental factors identified in numerous studies and reports. This study aimed to identify the effective components of participating People with physical disabilities in sports activities. Methods: The present study was qualitative and exploratory research using content analysis. The study participants were physically and mentally disabled People, experts in this field, and officials from federations and sports delegations. A purposive sampling method was performed to choose the participants for holding interviews that were performed with 14 interviews until theoretical data saturation. The research tool was a semi-structured interview with experts. At this stage, data collection was done by the qualitative data collection method. After the interviews, the effective components in the participation of the physically disabled in sports activities were identified and analyzed through content analysis. The retest reliability of this research is 80%. The reliability of the coding was confirmed because the reliability rate was more than 60%. To analyze the interview data, NVivo software version 10 was used. To identify the research components, data coding was continued until the selective coding stage. Results: After the interview, the data from the interviews were coded by the thematic analysis method in three stages of creating basic concepts, subtopics, and themes. In the first coding stage, the researcher tries to identify the hidden concepts by reviewing the collected data set. The purpose of creating the basic concepts is to break down the collected data set into the smallest possible conceptual components. The second step is to create subtopics for each research question. The purpose of this stage is to establish a relationship between the themes produced in the stage of basic concepts. In the subtheme creation phase, the code generated in the previous step was rewritten in a new way to make connections between the codes. Subtopics lead to the creation of themes, and all similar codes are grouped. After analyzing the interview data by NVivo 10 software, we obtained the main topics, including the role of media and advertising, facilities and equipment, the role of federations and institutions, coach knowledge, and comprehensive support, the researcher began to draw the network. The extracted themes step was accompanied by the researcher's interpretation and the number of sources and references to each topic in the software. This means that the high number of repetitions of sources and references in each subject will be the researcher's criteria in the selection. Conclusion: According to the study's results, several factors, including social factors, cultural and economic infrastructure, and lack of equipment and sports facilities in participating People with disabilities in sports activities, have a significant role in the participation of People with disabilities in sports activities. Also, People's attitude to disability in society has led to a lack of enthusiasm and participation in sports activities. The existence of many economic problems, lack of support from sports federations for the disabled, and inability to purchase sports equipment and provide facilities add to the scope of these problems.

Objective Responsiveness is a process that all organizations, such as hospitals and rehabilitation centers, need to implement it in order to legitimize their activities; and on the other hand, the recipients of rehabilitation services as a citizen of the community have a special place. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to determine and compare the response status of rehabilitation service providers from the perspective of People with disabilities (PWD) and their families in Tehran in 2016. Materials & Methods The study is descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional. The statistical population of the study consisted of all People with disabilities and their families who received rehabilitation services (Red Crescent, Wellbeing, Private Sector) in 2017. Samples were collected from rehabilitation centers of 5 districts of Tehran, using available sampling. The questionnaire was distributed based on the Response Questionnaire (World Health Organization, 2000) and 357 samples were collected. Adults with physical and motor disabilities and families with children with physical disabilities were included in the study, as well as those with mental disabilities and those who did not wish to participate in the study, as well as incomplete and unread questionnaires. The questionnaire has eight domains and included 25 questions. The questionnaire was distributed among 11 rehabilitation specialists with CVI=0. 91 and the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by 30 questionnaires in four centers in two weeks with a correlation coefficient of 0. 83 and Cronbach's alpha of 0. 77. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis) by using SPSS V. 22. Results The results showed that the age of the majority of patients (49. 6%) was in the group of 30-39 years. Depending on the type of center, the mean age included 49. 5% in private centers, 49. 5% in the welfare centers, and 50% in Red Crescent. The highest responsiveness was related to the dimensions of the right to choose and environmental quality (2. 6 and 2. 41 out of 5, respectively) in private centers, environmental quality (2. 1 out of 5) in welfare centers, and then, right to choose had the highest score. The lowest accountability was reported for dignity (2. 18 out of 5). The mean scores of social support dimensions in the three types of center were statistically different (P=0. 001), as well as the mean scores of immediate attention (P=0. 002), participation in decision-making (P=0. 009), confidentiality (P=0. 010), and total responsiveness (P=0. 04) there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups of referral type and mean scores of immediate attention dimensions in the two sex groups (P=0. 022). However, the mean scores of total responsiveness dimensions in marital status (P=0. 446) and type of insurance (P=0. 535) were not statistically significant. Conclusion The findings of this study displayed that responsibility as a criterion of quality of rehabilitation services, in fact, provides a clear picture of the clients’ performance. Responsibility of welfare centers was better than private and Red Crescent Centers. In this study, rehabilitation centers had the lowest performance in areas of transparent communication, dignity, and social support which may result in lower dignity which may indicate less attention to the dignity of the recipient of the service and the deficiency of insufficient insurance coverage to support rehabilitation services. While these dimensions of responsiveness are important for services recipients. Therefore, it is necessary to respond to the rehabilitation system in these areas (transparent communication, dignity and social protection). Also, it is recommended further studies in the area of responsiveness of rehabilitation system.

Introduction: Employment and human resource activity is one of the important topics of economic geography and one of the important challenges of policymakers. In addition to young People, the problem of unemployment also includes disabled People looking for work. In this regard, a research was developed with the aim of investigating the employment of People with disabilities according to the local advantages of Ardabil province. Method: This research is applied and descriptive-analytical. The statistical population was 25, 378 disabled People working and unemployed in Ardabil province. Based on Cochran's formula, 380 People were determined as a statistical sample. 83 research questions were proposed by the authors and then randomly assigned to the statistical sample. And finally, it was analyzed using spss software. Findings: Among the factors affecting the employment of the disabled, individual, government, occupational and general factors had the greatest impact, respectively. The analysis of the relative advantages of Ardabil province showed that Ardabil province has a higher relative advantage in terms of agriculture, trade relations with Azerbaijan, and tourism, but factors such as lack of comprehensive information and marketing system, weak tourism and commercial infrastructure, weak communication networks, Poor irrigation efficiency, lack of conversion and processing of agricultural products have caused poor employment in this province. Discussion: In all the cities of Ardabil province, there is a huge difference between the number of unemployed and the number of employed. The average age of disabled People in 80% of the cities was between 30 and 35 years. This is despite the fact that nearly 91. 55% of disabled People in the province had low education and sometimes no education, and only 6. 65% of the total disabled People in the province were employed., and thus the need for a basic action for practical training to activate and empower this group is tangible based on the relative advantages of Ardabil province, and more detailed programs should be developed.